TEXTILE INDUSTRY

The history of the Textile industry,Mogadishu women weaver photo,

The history of the Textile industry is the story of the movement from handcraft production of cloth in every country, to the industrial revolution in Britain, driven by cotton and wool yarn and cloth factories, which then spread to Europe, America, Japan and other countries.

Handcraft era

The use of cotton textiles came to the West via the Middle East during the Middle Ages, when Muslims brought cotton cultivation from India. The earliest fabric in Europe to include cotton fibers was fustian, a combination cotton and linen used to make garments and bedding. Demand for Indian cotton textiles, especially the 100% cotton fabric known as calico, increased in the 16th century. European textile makers attempted to capitalize on this trend by making substitutions and having the Indian textiles banned.

For centuries the spinning of yarn and the weaving of cloth had remained a manual operation. In England, for example, women and children, working at home, combed cotton with wire brushes and spun it by hand; the father then wove the cotton on a hand loom. Output was expensive and consumed locally. Most of Britain's cloth was home-made from wool in the West Country, Yorkshire and Lancashire. 1702 a critical turning point occurred when Thomas Cotchett and George Sorocold built a silk mill powered by a waterwheel at Derby. Their mill was probably Britain's first factory, for it was a single establishment with complex machinery, a source of power and accommodation for workers.

ISLAMIC SCIENCE

Varahamihira praised,ISLAMIC SCIENCE

Varahamihira’s main work is the book Pañcasiddhāntikā (or Pancha-Siddhantika, “[Treatise] on the Five [Astronomical] Canons) dated ca. 575 CE gives us information about older Indian texts which are now lost. The work is a treatise on mathematical astronomy and it summarises five earlier astronomical treatises, namely the Surya Siddhanta, Romaka Siddhanta, Paulisa Siddhanta, Vasishtha Siddhanta and Paitamaha Siddhantas. It is a compendium of native Indian as well as Hellenistic astronomy (including Greek, Egyptian and Roman elements).

The 11th century Arabian scholar Alberuni also described the details of “The Five Astronomical Canons”:
the Indianshave 5 Siddhāntas:

Sūrya-Siddhānta, ie. the Siddhānta of the Sun, composed by Lāṭa,
Vasishtha-siddhānta, so called from one of the stars of the Great Bear, composed by Vishnucandra,
Pulisa-siddhānta, so called from Paulisa, the Greek, from the city of Saintra, which is supposed to be Alexandria, composed by Pulisa.
Romaka-siddhānta, so called from the Rūm, ie. the subjects of the Roman Empire, composed by Śrīsheṇa.
Brahma-siddhānta, so called from Brahman, composed by Brahmagupta, the son of Jishṇu, from the town of Bhillamāla between Multān and Anhilwāra, 16 yojanas from the latter place.”

ANCIENT INDIAN OBSERVATORY JANTAR MANTAR DELHI,

FOR more information on above subject contact musham3@gmail.com

andhra word in aitereya brahmana

explores the Indic roots of Andhra race (people) and highlights the factual and logical errors in the historical presentation of the same by colonial historians and later day Indian historians.

Modern historians lead by the British historians who colonized India for more than 200 years associated the “andr?” word mentioned in “Aitareya Brahaana” with the “a:ndr?” race as both the words appear to be having phonetic similarities. In Aiteraya Brahmana, the “?ndr?” jaati (race) is a dasya jati (non-arya race). One must not confuse the word arya with the fascist Aryan representation as coined by western world. Here the word aryan means that the specific family/root is originated from sapta-rishis (seven root rishis of Bharatiya civilization) and the observance of chatur-varna system (not caste) within the society.

The word “Andr?” is mentioned in the Aiteraya Brahmana