Textiles world

Questions about handlooms in INDIA,around the world,

Colonization on handloom workers? Colonization on the handloom workers? Impact of coloniztion of handloom workers? Impact of coonisation on handloom industry? Impact of colonization on handloom workers? Impact of colonisation on handloom industry? What was the impact of colonization in India? Colonization in handloom workers and industry? Colonization on Handloom workers and industry? Track the impact of colonization on handloom workers? Impact of colonisation on handloom and khadi workers? Impact of colonialization of indian handloom industry? What is the impact of globalization on Indian workers? Impact of colonization on handloom workers and industry? Impact of colonialism on handloom workers and industries? Impact of colonizationon the handloom workers and indutry? What was the impact of colonization on the handloom workers? Impact of colonization on the handloom workers and industry? What was the impact of colonization on the handlooom workers? Impact of handloom workers changes in handloom khadi industry?

Spread rural industry, chance incidence of service in husbandry – rise nuptiality second half 18th century and beginning of the 19th century.

Did population grow in response to demands of an expanding economy?

Wrigley and Schofield: fertility dominant influence on population growth rates in 18th century England – nuptiality changes accounted almost entirely for the great increase in fertility.

Did nuptiality raise with demand for labour?

Rise demand for labour affects nuptiality two ways:: rise in real wages or shift from agric. Occupations which encouraged late marriages to industrial occupations such as handloom weaving favour early ones.

Real wages increase – more savings-feeling to get married – ignores IR as based on agric – late 18th century British popn. Rose but real wages declined – Wrigley Schofield think time lag.decline relative size agricultural labour force or decline farm size?

Real wages used + and ANG (seasonality of marriage influenced nuptiality through incidence of farm service) also remained constant at average level for whole period – model predict smaller rise after 1780

Rise in nuptiality after 1780 associated with decline in degree of marriage seasonality – which in turn suggests a decline in relative size of agricultural labour force – spread rural industry 1780 (rise imported cotton)

Rise in nuptiality in 2nd half of 18th and first quarter of the 19th century complex phenomenon caused sudden boom rural industrialization (affects economic feasibility of marriage) decline in farm service, affects desirability of marriages or availability short term alternatives to marriage

Nuptiality declines after 1820 – no decline before 1830s if real wages had not increases and crude mortality rate dropped.

Shift to non-agricultural occupations inc. rural industry in 2nd half 17th century appears to have enabled more people to get married – not necessarily at a younger age – after 1780s = spread of industry tended to encourage earlier marriage rather than more marriages.

Rise late 18th early 19th century associated with unprecedented demand for rural manufactured caused by 1st Industrial revolution – IR alone may not account for 18th century rise – decline incid3ence service husbandry may have been an additional reason.

Kussmaul’s measure proxy for size agricultural labour force NOT relative rural-industrial labour force – turning point is 1780s – recruitment handloom weavers and other rural-industrial workers may have been behind the decline in agric. Labour force after 1780.

Model explains decline nuptiality between 1820 and 1830 rise in real wages and decline mortality – continued decline post 1830 may be surge incidence of domestic service – could domestic service have recovered some of the ground lost by farm service? By mid 19th century domestic service important determinant of nuptiality.

Rise fertility 2nd half 18th century associated with IR

Classic demographic theory sees dev. Urban industrial society to be precondition for fertility decline – results here show IR caused fertility to increase

Textile industry demand for handloom weavers new spinning machines stimulated spread rural industry – influencing feasibility of marriage through lower set-up costs

Rural industry also spread on continent in 18th century not in response to I

• age of marriage on continent not responsive growth rural industry – no evidence spread rural industry 17th century responsible for early marriages

Swing toward early marriage in England after 1780 related to rural industry spread NOT before

Huge demand for handloom weavers and framework knitters created by IR in England explain different experience – couples northern England cash in on increased wages provided by rural manufacturing – causing age at first marriage to drop

Influence of rural industry on age at first